Nitrol contains Mitoxantrone, an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent used in cancer chemotherapy. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and multiple sclerosis. Mitoxantrone works by interfering with DNA replication and RNA synthesis, leading to cell death in rapidly dividing cancer cells.

Uses

1. Treatment of metastatic breast cancer

2. Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

3. Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis

Mechanism of Action

Mitoxantrone intercalates into DNA, disrupting DNA replication and repair. It also inhibits topoisomerase II, an enzyme crucial for DNA unwinding. This action prevents cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.

Dosage

For Metastatic Breast Cancer and AML:

• Dosage is individualized based on body surface area (BSA) and specific clinical guidelines.

For Multiple Sclerosis:

• Typically, 12 mg/m² administered intravenously every three months.

All doses should be administered under strict medical supervision.

Onset and Duration of Action

• Onset of Action: Begins within hours to days.

• Duration of Action: Prolonged due to its binding to DNA; effects may last for weeks.

Side Effects

• Nausea and vomiting

• Hair loss (alopecia)

• Fatigue

• Bone marrow suppression

• Heart toxicity

• Increased risk of infections

Precautions

1. Cardiac function should be evaluated before and during treatment.

2. Blood tests are necessary to monitor for bone marrow suppression.

3. Avoid live vaccines during treatment.

4. Use effective contraception to prevent pregnancy during and for several months after treatment.

Storage

• Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C).

• Protect from light and moisture.