Estrogen, Progesterone, and More: Navigating Hormonal Imbalance in Women

There can be some other reasons for hormonal imbalance, such as excessive stress, poor diet and nutrition, being overweight, birth control medicines or hormonal replacement, misuse of anabolic steroid medicines. Additionally, exposure to toxins, pollutants, and endocrine-disruptive chemicals.

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Many medical conditions can also affect hormones, such as pituitary tumors, thyroid nodules, benign tumors, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, cancer, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, iodine deficiency, hereditary pancreatitis, Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, and anorexia. Apart from this, some medical conditions may also occur -

• Diabetes, in this condition the body is not able to produce the hormone insulin in sufficient quantity.
• Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, which make the thyroid gland overactive or underactive.
• Addison's disease, in which the adrenal glands do not produce enough hormones.
• Cushing's syndrome, in which the adrenal glands produce excessive amounts of corticosteroids.
• Acromegaly is the overproduction of growth hormones.
• Hyperglycemia causes overproduction of glucagon.
• When the body produces more insulin than glucose in the blood, hypoglycemia can occur.

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When endocrine glands do not function properly, hormonal imbalance can occur. Endocrine glands are special cells that produce, store or release hormones into the blood. There are many endocrine glands in our body, which control many organs, such as - adrenal gland, gonads (testis and ovaries), pineal gland, pituitary gland, hypothalamus gland, thyroid and parathyroid glands and pancreatic islets etc. Many medical conditions can affect the endocrine glands. Apart from this, lifestyle and environmental factors can also be responsible for hormonal imbalance.

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Women are more likely to develop hormonal imbalance disorders than men because they have different endocrine organs and cycles. Causes of hormonal imbalance in women include polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hormone replacement or birth control medications, premature ovarian failure and ovarian cancer, etc.

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Women often have to face hormonal imbalance due to natural changes with increasing age. These changes include puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, delivery, breastfeeding, perimenopause, menopause and postmenopause. Hormones fluctuate during all these stages of life.

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Hormonal tablets containing estrogen and progesterone can be given to women to control irregular menstrual cycle and its symptoms. Birth control, available in the form of a pill, ring, patch, shot, or intrauterine device, can also be given to women to achieve hormonal balance.

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Hormones can be balanced by adopting a healthy lifestyle. For example, maintaining a healthy weight, taking a diet rich in nutrients, exercising daily, staying away from stress and doing yoga and meditation can be beneficial. Minimize use of chemical products.

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Medicines like metformin or levothyroxine can also be given during the treatment of hormonal imbalance. Metformin is a medicine to control PCOS and diabetes, which can help in reducing androgen and blood sugar levels. At the same time, medicines containing levothyroxine can help in reducing the symptoms of hypothyroidism.

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In vitro fertilization (IVF) can be used for women who are having trouble getting pregnant due to PCOS.

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For women who are unable to get pregnant due to hormonal imbalance or PCOS, medicines like clomiphene and letrozole can help in stimulating ovulation. To increase the chances of getting pregnant, doctors can also give infertility injections of gonadotropin to women with PCOS.

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Medicines that block excess levels of the male-sex hormone androgen may help reduce acne and unwanted hair growth or hair fall in women.

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Doctor-recommended eflornithine cream can help reduce facial hair growth in women due to hormone imbalance.

Hormone replacement medications may be given to reduce menopause symptoms such as hot flashes or night sweating.

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Vaginal dryness occurs due to change in estrogen levels. Creams containing estrogen can be used directly into the vaginal tissues to reduce symptoms during periods of fluctuating estrogen levels. Apart from this, estrogen containing tablets or rings can also be used for vaginal dryness.

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