Diphtheria is an acute bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The condition mainly affects the throat and upper airway but the toxin produced by the bacteria infects other organs as well. Sore throat, low fever and swollen glands in the neck are the characteristic symptoms of diphtheria infection. The disease spreads easily through direct physical contact or by inhaling the droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It has a death rate of 5-10%, with a higher mortality in children; however, vaccination has drastically brought down the death rate of diphtheria.
India contributes significantly to the global burden of diphtheria. In the last 20 years (1996-2016), diphtheria cases were frequently reported in school-going children. The coverage of three doses of diphtheria vaccine was 80% in 2015-2016, as per national health surveys. The strategy of preventing diphtheria must focus on enhancing coverage of the vaccine administered as part of the Universal Immunisation Programme and introducing the vaccine for school-going children. The condition is mostly treated with antibiotics. Antitoxins are also given to neutralise the bacterial toxin and prevent damage to organs.
Homeopathic remedies are divided into three classes depending on their efficacy in treating the disease. In the first class, lachesis and lycopodium are the two remedies of choice. Apis, arum maculatum, bryonia, belladonna, kali bichromicum, lac caninum, mercurius iodatus, mercurius solubilis and phytolacca decandra are considered second-class remedies, whereas aconite, arsenicum, bromine, cantharis, lachnanthes and sulphur are used as third-class remedies. These remedies are chosen on the basis of individual symptoms and characteristics like their age and overall health.