Autism, also known as autism spectrum disorder, is an increasingly common developmental disorder that primarily affects communication and behaviour. Autism symptoms typically begin to appear in early childhood; however, the condition can be diagnosed at any age.
As per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the guide created by the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing mental illnesses, individuals with autism have difficulty communicating and interacting with other individuals, limited interests and repetitive behaviour.
Other symptoms of autism include making little or no eye contact while talking or interacting with others, inability to follow simple instructions, talking at length about a favourite subject without noticing that others are not interested, having odd facial expressions and gestures, which do not match the situation or conversation, an unusual tone of voice that may sound sing-song or flat and robot-like and inability to predict or understand other people’s actions.
Echolalia (repeating the same word or the same phrase), irritability and sleep problems are also seen in individuals with autism.
Autism can usually be diagnosed by the age of two. The diagnosis is a two-staged process in young children. In the first stage of evaluation, a general developmental screening is conducted where the various risk factors are identified and behavioural symptoms are assessed. If there are problems noted during this stage, then the child is referred for the second stage which involves cognitive tests, language ability tests and careful examination of the symptoms to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for autism is symptomatic, using sedatives in case of hyperactivity, counselling, special education, and individual-specific lifestyle solutions to keep uniformity.
Homeopathy is a form of alternative medicine, which focuses on providing individualised treatment with the help of natural products. Homeopathic remedies, when taken under the guidance of a qualified doctor, have been reported to bring about improvement in autism symptoms such as concentration problems and hypersensitivity. Some remedies which are used to manage autism symptoms include nux vomica, belladonna and phosphorus.