Atopic Dermatitis

What is atopic dermatitis?

Atopic dermatitis, also called eczema, is a common skin condition characterised by itchiness and scaly skin. It is more common in children than adults and has a tendency to recur. It is an early onset condition, occurring as early as the first 6 months of life.

What are its main signs and symptoms?

• The clinical picture of eczema varies from person to person but is typically characterised by skin that becomes dry and red with increased itchiness.
• Scratching the skin results in a burning sensation, and even bleeding.
• Often the condition presents as pus-filled eruptions, indicative of an infection. If infected, it can spread to other parts of the body.
• Other symptoms include fluid-filled rashes and dark and creased skin. The area around the eyes and lips darkens in this condition.
• The itchiness is maximum at night and can affect the sleep cycle.
• Eczema is a chronic condition that can be accompanied by asthma, hay fever or other allergies.

What are its main causes?

• Though there is no single cause, there are risk factors that trigger eczema.
• Researchers also believe that it has a genetic link, with multiple members of the same family suffering from the condition.
• Living in an environment with excessive pollution, or extremely dry and cold conditions also makes one susceptible to this condition.
• Other factors which can trigger eczema are food allergens, pollen, woollen clothes, dust, skin products and even tobacco smoke.

How is it diagnosed and treated?

• A dermatologist clinically examines the skin for eczema. The red, dry and itchy skin is typical of this condition.
• Since it is a topical condition with an obvious clinical picture, no blood test or imaging is required.
• If you or your child have a persistent accompanying fever or other systemic symptoms, your physician will advise a basic blood test.
• Though the problem cannot be completely eliminated, medicines like anti-histamines, antibiotics and steroid creams can be used for relief.
• Other ways to prevent the condition from recurring include identifying and avoiding the triggers, keeping a check on harsh soaps or skin products and maintaining good hygiene at all times.
• Dry your child’s skin after a shower, and moisturise it at least twice a day.

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5. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: US National Library of Medicine; Atopic Dermatitis