Sperm morphology - Range, Test Result, and Treatment

Not everyone's sperm looks the same. It may be surprising to know this, but the truth is that the shape of the sperm of every person is different. If there is any kind of abnormality in the sperm, then it is linked to the problem of fertility. Morphology refers to the shape of the sperm or how it looks when viewed under a microscope. Especially under the microscope, the head and shape of the sperm are seen. The shape of the sperm's head is important, as it affects its ability to penetrate the outer surface of the egg and fertilize it.

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The range of sperm morphology indicates what percentage of sperm size is considered normal. Only these sperms are capable of fertilizing the egg, so the percentage shows the chances of pregnancy. The sperm range may vary from lab to lab. It also depends based on which criteria the sperm is being assessed in the lab. According to research, if the range is more than 14 percent, then it is considered a normal range. Between 10 to 14 percent is also considered correct in terms of fertility. Between 5 to 10 percent is considered sub-normal fertility and less than 5 percent is considered poor fertility.

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In the sperm morphology test, the sample of semen is checked by placing it under a microscope. The percentage of sperm with normal form out of the total sample is calculated. In the sperm morphology test, the lab technician places a small portion of semen on a glass slide and allows it to dry. It is then stained with a dye, which makes it easier to see the sperm under a microscope. It is necessary to have the following things for normal-form sperm -

• A smooth oval-shaped head.
• Head 2.5 to 3.5 µm wide and 5 to 6 µm long.
• An acrosome tip that covers between 40 and 70 percent of the head of the sperm. The acrosome is a membrane with enzymes that can penetrate the membrane of the egg.
• The length of the middle part of the sperm (between the head and the tail) should be the same as that of the head, but it must be thin.
• An uncoiled (without coil) tail 45 microns long, which should be thinner than the head and middle of the sperm.
• Must be free from a head or tail defects.

Sperm morphology tests can also be performed using image analysis technology, such as computer-aided sperm morphometric assessment. According to the World Health Organization, computerized tests are more reliable. Doing a test does not analyze the semen. For this, three or more sperm morphology tests are done, in which the morphology and mobility of the semen are examined.

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If abnormal sperm are found in a sample and the normal form score is low, then the condition is called teratozoospermia -

• More than 14 percent normal form is considered healthy sperm.
• The normal form of 10 to 14 percent is also considered correct in terms of fertility.
• If it comes less than 5 percent, then it is not considered correct in terms of pregnancy.
• It is believed that after this result, pregnancy may take more time.
• If 0 percent normal form comes, it means that in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be required.

It is important to know here that abnormal sperm can also contain healthy genetic material. Abnormal sperms are found in high percentages in many fertile men. If a man's normal form is below 4 percent, then he should talk to a doctor. Only male fertility specialist doctors can diagnose the cause of abnormal morphology rates and prescribe treatment to improve sperm quality.

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A man's body always keeps on producing new sperm. In such a situation, keeping the weight balanced and with the help of exercise can help in making the sperm healthy. Come, let us know in detail about the treatment of sperm morphology -

1. Balance weight
2. Regular exercise
3. Stay away from alcohol and smoking
4. Supplements and Vitamins
5. Wearing loose cotton boxers

Sperm morphology refers to the shape of the sperm. This is especially about the head and shape of the sperm, for which the help of a microscope is taken. The range of sperm morphology indicates the percentage of sperm that have a normal shape. Under the sperm morphology test, semen is seen under a microscope. In the test result of sperm morphology, the normal form of sperm of 10 to 14 percent and above is considered correct for fertility.

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